Technically, resisting arrest is defined as the crime of using physical power to avoid arrest, handcuffing, or transporting the accused to jail. In reality, any action to prevent one’s arrest or being taken into custody can leads to the charge.
Like the charge of disorderly conduct, determining the bounds of resisting arrest is largely up to the officer’s discretion, keeping in mind state guidelines and laws.
In most states, including Massachusetts, if the arresting officer exercises excessive force that result in “great bodily harm”, the accused has the right to defend him or herself. Usually, the circumstances are considered from the standpoint of a “reasonable person”, meaning if someone reasonable would consider the officer to be using excessive force then it is considered just that. Of course, this is eventually for a judge or jury at trial to decide.